{"id":9159,"date":"2026-06-25T08:26:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T08:26:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/?page_id=9159"},"modified":"2026-06-25T08:26:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T08:26:18","slug":"benjamin-franklin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/tr\/benjamin-franklin\/","title":{"rendered":"Benjamin Franklin"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Benjamin Franklin<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Benjamin Franklin, Frans\u0131z Devrimi lideri Mirabeau taraf\u0131ndan, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lmas\u0131na en \u00e7ok katk\u0131da bulunan filozof olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O bir matbaac\u0131 ve yazar, bir filozof ve devlet adam\u0131, bir bilim insan\u0131 ve bir mucitti. K\u0131sacas\u0131, Amerikan k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi en se\u00e7kin insanlardan biriydi. Basit bir karaktere sahipti; ho\u015f bir ki\u015fili\u011fi ve zarif bir mizah anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131. Gen\u00e7li\u011finde atletik bir yap\u0131ya sahipti; ancak bunu do\u011frulamak art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilinen portreleri onu zaten bir devlet adam\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stermektedir. Bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sakin ve dostaneydi; \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck gri g\u00f6zleri ve geni\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnde iyi mizah\u0131 yans\u0131tan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u011fz\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu. Benjamin Franklin 1706 y\u0131l\u0131nda Boston\u2019da, 17 \u00e7ocuklu yoksul bir mum yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 15. \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 onu erken ya\u015fta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi i\u00e7in okula ancak bir y\u0131ldan biraz fazla devam edebildi. Bildi\u011fi her \u015feyi neredeyse tamamen kendi \u00e7abas\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frendi: bilim, felsefe ve diller. Latince, Frans\u0131zca, Almanca, \u0130spanyolca ve \u0130talyanca konu\u015fuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 ya\u015f\u0131nda a\u011fabeyinin matbaas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131rak olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda anonim yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131yor ve bunlar\u0131 gece kap\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndan i\u00e7eri atarak karde\u015finin yay\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l New York\u2019a giderek bir matbaada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Daha sonra kendi i\u015fini kurdu. Bir gazete ve bir dergi \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. 42 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir servet edinmi\u015fti. Bundan sonra hayat\u0131n\u0131n 40 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkesine hizmet etmeye adad\u0131. \u0130ki kez \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye, bir kez de Fransa\u2019ya diplomatik g\u00f6revle g\u00f6nderildi. Bir politikac\u0131 olarak, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ni tek bir ulus olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ilk ki\u015fiydi ve Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce birle\u015fik bir devlet sistemi tasarlad\u0131. Bir bilim insan\u0131 ve mucit olarak elektri\u011fin pozitif ve negatif kutuplar\u0131n\u0131 ilk tan\u0131mlayan ki\u015fiydi. Batarya, elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc, kondansat\u00f6r ve iletken gibi kavramlar\u0131 ona bor\u00e7luyuz. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131msavar, y\u00fcksek yerlere nesne kald\u0131rmaya yarayan mekanik bir kol ve merdivene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilen bir mutfak taburesi icat etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

78 ya\u015f\u0131nda bifokal g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc icat etti. M\u00fczisyen olarak arp, gitar ve keman \u00e7ald\u0131 ve m\u00fczik kompozisyonu \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131. Hareket halindeki gemi g\u00f6vdesi \u00fczerindeki su etkisini inceleyen ilk ki\u015fi oldu ve hidrodinami\u011fin babas\u0131 kabul edilir. Ayr\u0131ca koyu renkli kuma\u015flar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 tuttu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti. Avrupal\u0131lar, onun tavsiyesine uyarak tropik b\u00f6lgelerde a\u00e7\u0131k renk giysiler kullanmay\u0131 y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra benimsediler. Amerikan Felsefe Toplulu\u011fu\u2019nu kurdu; bu, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ndeki ilk bilimsel topluluktu. \u0130lk profesyonel polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 ve ilk g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc itfaiye hizmetini kurdu. K\u00f6lelik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 harekete de ivme kazand\u0131rd\u0131 ve posta m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olarak ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 posta hizmetlerini, \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngiltere ile olan ileti\u015fimi geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O, muhtemelen \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fulan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en pop\u00fcler yazarlar\u0131ndan biriydi; otobiyografisi, \u201cPrusya Kral\u0131n\u0131n Ferman\u0131\u201d, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Bir \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclme Kurallar\u0131\u201d, \u201cYoksul Richard\u2019\u0131n Almana\u011f\u0131\u201d ve elektrik olaylar\u0131 \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bir\u00e7ok dile \u00e7evrilmi\u015f eseriyle tan\u0131n\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n mutlulu\u011funu savundu ve s\u00f6ylediklerini bizzat ya\u015fad\u0131. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015fiflerine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdi ve eser sahipli\u011finin do\u011fru \u015fekilde belirtilmesini \u0131srarla savundu. Bir\u00e7ok durumda, ba\u015fka bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 benzer bir ke\u015fif yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 geri \u00e7ekti. \u0130nsan karakterinin s\u0131k\u0131 disiplinle geli\u015ftirilebilece\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. \u201cBu, resim ve m\u00fczik gibi \u00f6\u011frenilmesi gereken bir sanatt\u0131r\u201d derdi. Gen\u00e7li\u011finde bir erdemler listesi haz\u0131rlad\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 uygulamaya karar verdi: yemekte \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, gevezelikten ka\u00e7\u0131nma, i\u015fte d\u00fczenli olma, ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi bitirme, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na adil davranma, haks\u0131zl\u0131klara sab\u0131rla katlanma, abart\u0131dan ka\u00e7\u0131nma ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015feylere tak\u0131lmama. Her erdem i\u00e7in bir sayfa ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir defter tuttu ve her hafta bir erdeme odakland\u0131. 1790 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 84 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra gen\u00e7li\u011finde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mezar yaz\u0131s\u0131 bulundu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBurada Benjamin Franklin\u2019in bedeni yat\u0131yor; eski bir kitab\u0131n kapa\u011f\u0131 gibi, sayfalar\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ve s\u00fcsleri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Fakat i\u015f tamamen bo\u015fa gitmi\u015f de\u011fildir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yazar\u0131n onu daha m\u00fckemmel, d\u00fczeltilmi\u015f ve geni\u015fletilmi\u015f yeni bir bask\u0131da yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bundan iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce George Washington onun hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr bir halk\u0131n birle\u015fik dilekleri, bilim ve insanl\u0131k dostlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ten dualar\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ac\u0131y\u0131 giderseydi, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede iyile\u015firdi. E\u011fer bir insan\u0131 iyili\u011fiyle saymak, yetene\u011fiyle takdir etmek, vatanseverli\u011fiyle onurland\u0131rmak ve insan sevgisiyle sevmek yeterli olsayd\u0131, bo\u015funa ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tesellisine sahip olurdu. Sayg\u0131, hayranl\u0131k ve sevgiyle an\u0131lacaks\u0131n\u0131z \u2014 samimi dostunuz ve en sad\u0131k hizmetk\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benjamin Franklin ayr\u0131ca \u201cRuhlar Kitab\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u201cProlegomena\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de an\u0131l\u0131r; bu da onun spirit\u00fcalist \u00f6\u011fretinin kodifikasyonuna katk\u0131da bulunan ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131yla yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin fue llamado por Mirabeau, el l\u00edder revolucionario franc\u00e9s, como el fil\u00f3sofo que m\u00e1s contribuy\u00f3 a extender los derechos del hombre sobre toda la Tierra. Fue impresor y autor, fil\u00f3sofo y hombre de Estado, cient\u00edfico e inventor. En resumen, uno de los hombres m\u00e1s importantes que produjo el continente americano. De car\u00e1cter […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9159","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBenjamin Franklin - Uni\u00f3n Esp\u00edrita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/tr\/benjamin-franklin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Benjamin Franklin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin fue llamado por Mirabeau, el l\u00edder revolucionario franc\u00e9s, como el fil\u00f3sofo que m\u00e1s contribuy\u00f3 a extender los derechos del hombre sobre toda la Tierra. 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