{"id":6711,"date":"2025-01-08T11:58:23","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/?page_id=6711"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:13:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:13:50","slug":"rene-descartes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/tr\/rene-descartes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ren\u00e9 Descartes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-d7877df0 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-265e4791bb8613e405824eaf32bcfbcc\"><strong>Ren\u00e9 Descartes<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-e00c9128 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/800px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Rene_Descartes-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6716\" style=\"width:266px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/800px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Rene_Descartes-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/800px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Rene_Descartes-1-300x254.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/800px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Rene_Descartes-1-768x649.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/800px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Rene_Descartes-1-14x12.jpg 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-3133412b alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-d4121c611cac6fb6779a48305c6ef92a\">Ren\u00e9 Descartes (1596 \u2013 1650) hakl\u0131 olarak &#034;Moderna Felsefesinin Babas\u0131&#034;olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Moderna felsefesinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren, ger\u00e7ek perspektifinde epistemolojik (bilgi) sorun olan, Orta \u00c7a\u011f&#039;dan sonra Avrupal\u0131 ilk filozoftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-2c1fb333eee0381f56c88802c4251d59\">Sokrates \u00fczerindeki ayn\u0131 daimon, Descartes&#039;a o kadar yo\u011fun bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak sunuldu ki, ona katlanmak imkans\u0131zd\u0131. Bu \u0131\u015f\u0131kta takdire \u015fayan bir bilim projesine devam etti. Bu olaylar o kadar dikkat \u00e7ekiciydi ki Descartes, Ger\u00e7e\u011fin Ruhundan ilham ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-8edb614c10f05408567be58c47f2457a\">Descartes&#039;tan bahsederken hemen &#034;cogito ergo sum&#034; ifadesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz (san\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6yleyim). Bu varsay\u0131m, kendisinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kartezyen felsefesini geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6sterime a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir, \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenir: kontrol edin, analiz edin, sentezleyin ve numaraland\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-5a8abbe94b093ef8675691e0e63018cb\">\u0130lk test, i\u00e7imizdeki Tanr\u0131 olan cogito&#039;da var olan m\u00fckemmellik fikridir; ikincisi, ruhun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131ndan gelir; \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, ilk ikisine uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Tanr\u0131&#039;n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mant\u0131ksal olarak g\u00f6steren nedensellik ilkesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-6c5797b6afa10ca3ba1b91bd3768adc4\">Bu \u015fekilde Descartes, benli\u011fin d\u00fcnyaya ge\u00e7i\u015fini garanti eder, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan\u0131n i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu bilme potansiyelinin olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. E\u011fer Tanr\u0131 bizi aldatmak isteseydi, bizi aldatabilirdi, ama o zaman Tanr\u0131 de\u011fil, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kusurlu bir dehas\u0131 olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-07afd5c3b0d5742c75749f6aad1e5f6f\">Ren\u00e9 Descartes i\u00e7in nesnel d\u00fcnya, &#034;res extensa&#034; (beden) ve &#034;res cogitans&#034; (ruh) olmak \u00fczere iki maddeden olu\u015fuyordu. Descartes i\u00e7in, Aristoteles i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi, madde miktard\u0131r ve g\u00fc\u00e7 kalitedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-de499adad977338ec27e68d7195fcac9\">Kartezyenin ruh ve madde aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ve orta \u00e7a\u011f zul\u00fcmlerinin travmas\u0131, evrenin, mekanistik teorisi t\u00fcm bilimin temelinde olan ayr\u0131 nesnelerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu mekanik bir sistem olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Moderna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-249ca24096b4ffba34624d8ab78f45fd\">Parlak bir matematik\u00e7i olan Descartes, &#034; bilimin tamam\u0131 bilgidir, do\u011frudur ve apa\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Sadece muhtemel olan t\u00fcm bilgileri reddediyoruz ve sadece m\u00fckemmel bilinen ve hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe edilemeyecek \u015feylere inanmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-776ee43c0bfe409dc8ce647ca1936370\">Asl\u0131nda, zaman\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda var olan d\u00fcnyayla ilgili sorular, ba\u015fka bir Frans\u0131z filozof taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7a\u011fda g\u00f6sterildi. Aritmetik, kimya, fizik ve astronomide anla\u015f\u0131lan Allan Kardec (1803 \u2013 1869), Descartes&#039;\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 kartezyen y\u00f6ntemi kullanarak, soyut d\u00fcnyaya (manevi) somuta (fiziksel) dayanarak, \u00fc\u00e7lemenin mevcut en g\u00fczel eserlerini kodlad\u0131: Felsefe, Bilim ve Din.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-35d9eaed09f807bceba287eb2e13e661\">Allan Kardec, Ruh\u00e7uluk \u00d6\u011fretisini kodlarken, gelece\u011fe bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Gelecek ya\u015fam art\u0131k bir hipotez de\u011fil, bir ger\u00e7ekliktir. \u00d6l\u00fcmden sonra ruhlar\u0131n durumu art\u0131k bir sistem de\u011fil, g\u00f6zlemin sonucudur. Pe\u00e7e kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ruhlar d\u00fcnyas\u0131 bize pratik ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde sunulmu\u015ftur; onu dahiyane bir kavray\u0131\u015f \u00e7abas\u0131yla ke\u015ffedenler insanlar de\u011fildir, durumlar\u0131n\u0131 tarif etmek \u00fczere bize gelenler o d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sakinlerinin kendileridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-a65f59b04803527dd0bdb878e7d00ab4\">Ruh\u00e7uluk \u00fczerine son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Ruh\u00e7ulu\u011fu \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \"Ruh\u00e7uluk, detayland\u0131rma arac\u0131 olarak, deneysel y\u00f6ntemi uygulayarak pozitif bilimlerle tamamen ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ilerler. Bilinen yasalarla a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan yeni olgular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar; bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemler, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, analiz eder ve etkilerden nedenlere do\u011fru iz s\u00fcrerek bunlar\u0131 y\u00f6neten yasaya ula\u015f\u0131r; daha sonra bunlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ve yararl\u0131 uygulamalar arar\". \u00d6nceden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir teori olu\u015fturmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ne ruhlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fcdahalesi, ne perispirit, ne reenkarnasyon, ne de doktrinin herhangi bir ilkesi hakk\u0131nda hipotez kurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ruhlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgular\u0131n g\u00f6zlemlenmesinden a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu sonuca varm\u0131\u015f ve di\u011fer ilkelerde de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ilerlemi\u015ftir. Sonradan teoriyi do\u011frulayan olgular de\u011fildi: sonradan olgular\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan ve \u00f6zetleyen teoriydi. Bu nedenle Spirit\u00fcalizmin bir hayal \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, bir g\u00f6zlem bilimi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek kesinlikle do\u011frudur. Bilimler ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 deneysel y\u00f6nteme dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri \u00f6nemli ilerlemeler kaydetmi\u015ftir; o zamana kadar bu y\u00f6ntemin yaln\u0131zca madde i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yordu, oysa metafizik \u015feyler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-2f3b09a5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-f32dbaa5 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\"><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ren\u00e9 Descartes Ren\u00e9 Descartes (1596 &#8211; 1650) es llamado con raz\u00f3n el \u00abPadre de la Filosof\u00eda Moderna\u00bb. Fue el primer fil\u00f3sofo europeo despu\u00e9s de la Edad Media que situ\u00f3 el problema epistemol\u00f3gico (del conocimiento) en su verdadera perspectiva, anticipando toda la filosof\u00eda moderna. El mismo daimon que atormentaba a S\u00f3crates se present\u00f3 a Descartes como [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6711","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.2 (Yoast SEO v24.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ren\u00e9 Descartes - Uni\u00f3n Esp\u00edrita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/tr\/rene-descartes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ren\u00e9 Descartes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ren\u00e9 Descartes Ren\u00e9 Descartes (1596 &#8211; 1650) es llamado con raz\u00f3n el \u00abPadre de la Filosof\u00eda Moderna\u00bb. Fue el primer fil\u00f3sofo europeo despu\u00e9s de la Edad Media que situ\u00f3 el problema epistemol\u00f3gico (del conocimiento) en su verdadera perspectiva, anticipando toda la filosof\u00eda moderna. 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