{"id":6088,"date":"2024-11-12T11:18:51","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T11:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/?page_id=6088"},"modified":"2024-11-12T11:28:21","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T11:28:21","slug":"alexander-nikolaevic-aksakov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/tr\/alexander-nikolaevic-aksakov\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexander Nikolaevi\u010d Aksakov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alexander Nikolaevi\u010d Aksakov<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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27 May\u0131s 1832'de Rusya'n\u0131n Ripievka kentinde do\u011fan Alexander Nikolaevi\u010d Aksakov \u2013 4 Ocak 1903'te Rusya'n\u0131n St. Petersburg kentinde \u00f6ld\u00fc, filozof, gazeteci, edit\u00f6r, \u00e7evirmen, Rus diplomat ve imparator III. spiritist Hareketle hat\u0131rlan\u0131r, karakterize eden manevi fenomenlerin en sayg\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olarak Spirit\u00fcalizm ONDOKUZUNCU y\u00fczy\u0131lda Modern, D\u00f6nen Masalar\u0131n tezah\u00fcrleri ve \u00f6zellikle Ruhlar\u0131n di\u011fer se\u00e7kin bilim insanlar\u0131yla birlikte ve en \u00fcnl\u00fc ortamlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r zaman\u0131n\u0131n. Fenomenlerin do\u011frulu\u011fu ile ilgili inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 savundu esp\u00edritas edebiyat\u0131n bir klasi\u011fi olan Animizm ve Spiritizm gibi eserlerde spiritist enternasyonal. Rus dili Allan Kardec'in eserlerinin ilk \u00e7evirileri olun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksakof, Rusya'da edebiyat ve bilimi kutlayan \u00fcyelere yak\u0131n akrabas\u0131 olan, Rus soylular\u0131nda y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli bir ailede do\u011fdu. Akademisyen, \u00e7e\u015fitli disiplinlerden mezun oldu ve Almanya'daki \u00fcnl\u00fc Leipzig Akademisi'nde profes\u00f6r oldu. Yak\u0131nda daha fazlas\u0131 diplomat olarak atanacak ve \u00c7ar III.Alexander'\u0131n en yak\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan biri olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Felsefeye ve maneviyata e\u011filim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksakov, gen\u00e7li\u011finden beri, ruh ve manevi d\u00fcnyayla ilgili \u015feyler \u00fczerine felsefeye ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ilgi g\u00f6sterdi, ancak her zaman bilimsel bir nitelik taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirildi. Hakk\u0131nda endi\u015feli inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek, dinlerin tarihsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na odaklan\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece \u0130branice, Yunanca ve Latince \u00f6\u011frenirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polimata \u0130sve\u00e7li Emanuel Swedenborg'un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve manevi vahiylerini incelemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok zaman harcad\u0131 \u2013 a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fckl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamalar mistik olsa da. 1852'de yirmi ya\u015f\u0131nda bu sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6zetini yapt\u0131 ve Frans\u0131zca'da (zaman\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilen dil), Vahiy kitab\u0131na g\u00f6re K\u0131yametin manevi anlam\u0131n\u0131n metodik bir sergisini yay\u0131nlad\u0131.ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern Ruh\u00e7ulu\u011fa ba\u015flamas\u0131, Andrew Jackson Davis'in ellerine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1854'teydi: \u0130lahi Do\u011fan\u0131n Vahiyleri, Aksakov'un yeni \u00f6zlemlerine ve entelekt\u00fcel e\u011filimlerine yol a\u00e7arak, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi art\u0131k \u015f\u00fcphe duymayan manevi bir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1855'te tam bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7infizyolojik ve psikolojik adam olan Aksakov, Moskova T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi'ne \u00fccretsiz \u00f6\u011frenci olarak kaydolurken ayn\u0131 zamanda Fizik, Kimya ve Matematik bilgilerini geni\u015fletiyor. O d\u00f6nemde bir par\u00e7a Beecher ald\u0131: \u201cSpiritist Tezah\u00fcrler Dergisi\u201d (Journal of Demonstrations Esp\u00edritas) \u2013 bu konuda eline ge\u00e7en ve bu konudaki yay\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve spirit\u00fcalisti ad\u0131m ad\u0131m takip eden ilk ki\u015fi amerika ve Avrupa'daki hareket, manyetizma ve maneviyat hakk\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm kitaplarla bilgilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Aksakov, Allan Kardec'in anadilindeki temel eserleri olan ve kendisine me\u015fru bir kurs ruh\u00e7usu olarak hizmet eden \u00e7eviri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anketler Esp\u00edritas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine Almanya'da Leipzig Akademisi profes\u00f6r\u00fc olarak gazeteyi kurdu ve y\u00f6netti Psychische Studien [Psi\u015fik \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar] William Crookes, Charles Richet, Cesare Lombroso, Ernesto gibi di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bilim insanlar\u0131yla birlikte ruhsal fenomenler \u00fczerine bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma komitelerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak bile ara\u015ft\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken Bozzano, Gabriel Delanne, di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda, Daniel Dunglas Home, Eusapia Palladino, Elizabeth d'esperance ve Linda Gazzera gibi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ortamlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lan deneylerle birlikte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1881'de Aksakov, vak\u0131f taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi ve Rusya'daki medyumlar dergisinin ilk yay\u0131n\u0131 olan haftal\u0131k Rebus'un direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Aksakov, Eusapia Palladino medyas\u0131n\u0131 inceliyor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131t spiritist teorisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1890'da, edebiyat\u0131n klasi\u011fi haline gelecek olan \u201cAnimizm ve Spiritizm\u201d i yay\u0131nlad\u0131.maneviyat\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fcnya, Portekizce de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok dile \u00e7evrilmi\u015f (Federasyon taraf\u0131ndan Spiritist Brezilya). Bu kitap, ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n bir derlemesi ve Alman filozof Eduard Von Hartmann'\u0131n 1885 tarihli Der Spiritismus'ta (spirit\u00fcalizm), s\u00f6zde ruhsal fenomenlerin yaln\u0131zca \u201cbilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ifadeleri\u201dolaca\u011f\u0131 tez \u00f6nerisine bir yan\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann (1842-1906), fikirleri Sigmund Freud'un psikanalizinin temeli olan Schopenhauer'in (felsefesiyle hat\u0131rlanan, ateist ve k\u00f6t\u00fcmser) \u00fcnl\u00fc bir \u00f6\u011frencisiydi. Von Hartmann'\u0131n fikirler hakk\u0131ndaki inkar\u0131 esp\u00edritas adl\u0131 ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131nda devam etti Bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 Felsefesi, 1865.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksakov'un yaln\u0131zca bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ruhsal fenomenler yarataca\u011f\u0131 fikrinin reddedilmesi o kadar bilgilendirildi ki, Spiritist Dergisi, Ekim 1895 bask\u0131s\u0131, Animizm ve Spiritizmin \u201cTart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z en \u00f6nemli eser ve tamamlanm\u0131\u015f " oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekten \u00e7ekinmedi. bilim ve felsefi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksakov, eserinin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u015funlar\u0131 yazd\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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"G\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini, duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve hissettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylemekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapamazd\u0131m; ve y\u00fcz binlerce insan ayn\u0131 \u015feyi iddia etti\u011finde, fenomenin cinsiyeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00f6zelliklerin sonsuz \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine ra\u011fmen, fenomenin t\u00fcr\u00fcne olan inan\u00e7 empoze edilir. Bu nedenle, t\u00fcm hayat\u0131m\u0131 bu amac\u0131n sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na adad\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in pi\u015fman olamam, yollar pop\u00fcler ve yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olmasa da, bildi\u011fim bu bilimden daha yan\u0131lmaz. Ve e\u011fer benim a\u00e7\u0131mdan, Ruh Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131'n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na bir ta\u015f bile getirmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131ysam-y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca in\u015fa edilen i\u00e7 sese sad\u0131k insanl\u0131k, bu kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla, benim i\u00e7in arzu edebilece\u011fim tek ve en y\u00fcksek \u00f6d\u00fcl olacak.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Reenkarnasyon sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lkeler doktriner esp\u00edritas ruhun \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve ruhlar\u0131n kendilerinin bilge Ruslar\u0131n fikirleriyle iyi ileti\u015fim kurabilmesinin; Ancak Reenkarnasyon Yasas\u0131nda da ayn\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131. Aksakov, b\u00f6yle bir ilkenin Kardec taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ruh\u00e7usunun i\u015fbirli\u011fine sa\u011flanan ortamlar\u0131 etkileyerek bir dogma olarak dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flad\u0131; Bu anlamda, 1875'te yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ingiliz the Spiritualist gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanan "Spiritualist Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n spek\u00fclasyon yeniden do\u011fu\u015f\u00e7ular\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel k\u00f6keni \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma" makalesini imzalad\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c\u015eu fikirlerden daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 atmayaca\u011f\u0131m: Bu doktrinin Kardec taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tercih meselesi oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir ve en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri reenkarnasyon bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma nesnesi olarak de\u011fil, bir dogma olarak sunulmu\u015ftur. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 fikirlerin psikolojik etkisini bu kadar kolay kabul ettikleri medya katiplerine her zaman ba\u015fvurdu\u011funu kabul etmek; ve Maneviyat bunu bolca do\u011furdu; ve fiziksel etki ortamlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ileti\u015fimin yaln\u0131zca daha nesnel de\u011fil, her zaman reenkarnasyon doktrinine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexandre Aksakov-Maneviyat\u00e7\u0131-13 A\u011fustos 1875<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00c7ar'a y\u00f6nelik su\u00e7lamas\u0131, temelde Spirit\u00fcalizmin kodlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan ana ortamlardan biri olan Celina Japheth taraf\u0131ndan \u015fahsen yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir ifadede desteklendi, ancak siz Kardec'ten uzakla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra \u2013 utan\u00e7 duyan, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131 Kitapta yazmay\u0131 umuyordu ruhlar\u0131n, i\u015fbirli\u011finin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 olarak medi\u00famnica. Asl\u0131nda, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n k\u00fcsk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ate\u015f eden Aksakov'a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131: "\u015eimdi, spirit\u00fcalizm Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu kadar \u00e7ok \u015fey yapan bu kayda de\u011fer ki\u015finin yirmi y\u0131ld\u0131r tamamen bilinmeyen bir \u015fekilde ya\u015famas\u0131 ve onun hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir haber veya yorum yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmayan nedir? Halk\u0131n ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 olmak yerine, tamamen g\u00f6rmezden geliniyor; Asl\u0131nda onu diri diri g\u00f6md\u00fcm! Umar\u0131m bir g\u00fcn uygun bir onar\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumda\u201d Spirit\u00fcalizm\u201c,\u201dSpirit\u00fcalizm " i\u00e7in asil bir \u00f6rnek sunabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kardec'in (alt\u0131 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden itibaren bedensiz) \u201creenkarnasyon dogmas\u0131\u201d a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan savunmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan, Ruh\u00e7ulu\u011fun temel eserlerinin g\u00f6revlisinin ingilizce'ye ilk \u00e7evirmeni olan Anna Blackwell, \u2018Allan Kardec'in ruhlar\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir metin yaz\u0131yor. ayn\u0131 gazete, Spirit\u00fcalist, bunun i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 vurgulad\u0131::<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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"Y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir \u00f6nc\u00fc olarak, stokumuzun yasas\u0131n\u0131n daha eksiksiz bir \u015fekilde sunulmas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu haz\u0131rlayan modern yazarlar\u0131n kolumun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir listesini verdi. ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k Allan Kardec, tecrit halinde salt felsefi bir fikir olarak de\u011fil, g\u00f6stererek ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. ancak, t\u00fcm zamanlar, d\u00fcnyalar ve alemler i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan genel kalk\u0131nma plan\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak. Allan Kardec'in \u00f6zel eseri \u2013 kendisinin tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u2013 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, cotejador, derleyicidir; ancak, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle, \u015fimdiki orijinal olarak kabul edilen, ger\u00e7ekte ne oldu\u011funu kendileri kontrol etmekte g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7eken herkes i\u00e7in benzersiz olan b\u00fct\u00fcn bir felsefi sunar.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anna Blackwell \u2013 Spirit\u00fcalist-27 A\u011fustos 1875<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Bayan Japhet'in ki\u015fisel \u015fikayetleri, bunlara derhal Pierre-Ga\u00ebtan Leymarie (o zamanki Spiritist \u015firketinin lideri) ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Spirit\u00fcalist taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 8 Ekim tarihli \u201cReenkarnasyon\u201d makalesi kullan\u0131larak cevap verildi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Alexander Nikolaevi\u010d Aksakov Alexander Nikolaevi\u010d Aksakov, nacido el 27 de mayo de 1832 en Ripievka, Rusia – fallecido el 4 de enero de 1903 en San Petersburgo, Rusia fue un fil\u00f3sofo, periodista, editor, traductor, diplom\u00e1tico ruso y consejero del emperador Alejandro III. es recordado por el Movimiento Esp\u00edrita como uno de los m\u00e1s respetados investigadores […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6088","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nAlexander Nikolaevi\u010d Aksakov - 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