{"id":4156,"date":"2024-08-27T12:14:43","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T12:14:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ufec-mundial.com\/?page_id=4156"},"modified":"2025-01-03T12:51:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-03T12:51:30","slug":"phillis-wheatley","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/tr\/phillis-wheatley\/","title":{"rendered":"Phillis Wheatley"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Phillis Wheatley<\/strong> \u2013 O bir kad\u0131nd\u0131, siyaht\u0131, k\u00f6leydi, ama o bir \u015fairdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Phillis Wheatley (1753 \u2013 5 Aral\u0131k 1784), Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde bir kitap yay\u0131nlayan ilk Afrikal\u0131 amerikal\u0131 yazard\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli Konularda \u015eiirler (\u00c7e\u015fitli konularda \u015eiirler) adl\u0131 eseri, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131'n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce 1773'te yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve afro edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00f6rneklerinden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.
Senegal'de do\u011fdu, daha sonra Gambiya olacak yere kuruldu, yedi ya\u015f\u0131ndayken yakaland\u0131 ve k\u00f6leli\u011fe maruz kald\u0131. 1760 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika'ya getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boston'da k\u00f6le sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131:
- Yedi ya\u015f\u0131nda! \u0130yi bir k\u0131srak olacak!<\/strong>
Bir\u00e7ok el dokundu, \u00e7\u0131plak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonunda Boston, Massachusetts'ten John ve Susannah Wheatley sat\u0131n al\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fcler. K\u0131z\u0131n Latince, Yunanca, mitoloji ve tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere iyi bir e\u011fitim almak i\u00e7in entelekt\u00fcel olarak donan\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir t\u00fcccar ailesiydi. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra ingilizceye hakim oldu ve ilk \u015fiiri 13 ya\u015f\u0131nda Newport Merk\u00fcr'de 1767'ye g\u00f6nderildi.
Phillips olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu y\u00fczden onu getiren gemi ve al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n soyad\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Wheatley olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.

On \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, kendisine ait olmayan bir dilde \u015fiirler yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri. Kimse onun yazar oldu\u011funa inanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wheatley yirmi ya\u015f\u0131ndayken mahkemelerde edebi olma kapasitesini savunmak zorunda kald\u0131. John Erving, rahip Charles Chauncey, John Hancock, Massachusetts valisi Thomas Hutchinson ve vali yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Andrew Oliver da dahil olmak \u00fczere Boston'dan bir grup entelekt\u00fcel taraf\u0131ndan muayene edildi. Virgil ve Milton'un metinlerini ve \u0130ncil'in baz\u0131 pasajlar\u0131n\u0131 okumak zorunda kald\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirlerin intihal edilmedi\u011fine yemin etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Bir sandalyeden, mahkeme kabul edene kadar uzun muayenesinden vazge\u00e7ti: o bir kad\u0131nd\u0131, siyaht\u0131, k\u00f6leydi ama o bir \u015fairdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendisine atfedilen \u015fiirlerin yazar\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131lar ve 1773'te Aldgate, Londra'da yay\u0131nlanan Dini ve Ahlaki \u00c7e\u015fitli Konularda \u015eiirler kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde yay\u0131nlanan bir sertifika imzalad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri tarihinde siyah ve beyaz aras\u0131ndaki entelekt\u00fcel e\u015fitli\u011fin ilk tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyordu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6nemsiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, ancak zaman\u0131nda bir vahiy olan bir ger\u00e7ek ve kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fen bir \u015feyden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey istemediklerine dair \u00e7ok say\u0131da iddiay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m, bir insan olarak benim oldu\u011fum haklar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131.
George Washington \u015fiirine hayran kald\u0131, ona "b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fiir dehas\u0131"ile at\u0131fta bulundu. Ve e\u011fer bu, H\u0131ristiyan i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle bir\u00e7ok kez karakterize edildiyse, al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 John ve Susannah Wheatley arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bu inanca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phillis tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir yazar oldu. 1773'te Nathaniel Wheatley ile birlikte \u0130ngiltere'ye gitti ve orada Benjamin Franklin, Dartmouth kontu ve Londra belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 gibi bir dizi ileri gelenle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Smollett'li Don Ki\u015fot'un \u00e7evirisi olan John Milton'un Kay\u0131p Cenneti'nin bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 ve Huntingdon Kontesi ve \u00fcnl\u00fc misyoner, k\u00f6lelik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Selina Hastings'i ald\u0131, \u015fiir yay\u0131nlamaya devam edece\u011fine deste\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Phillis Wheatley, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amerika'ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve Dini ve Ahlaki \u00c7e\u015fitli Konularda \u015eiirler yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John ve Susannah Wheatley'nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Phillis, John Peters ad\u0131nda siyah bir \u00f6zg\u00fcr adamla evlendi. Kocas\u0131 onu terk ettikten sonra hizmet\u00e7i olarak ev i\u015fi yapt\u0131. Ne s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ne de sanatsal yetene\u011fi onlara refah vermezdi, bu da 31 ya\u015f\u0131nda yoksulluk i\u00e7inde erken \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve birka\u00e7 saat sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lmesine neden oldu.
\u015eiirlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015filiklere adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirlerde kendi durumundan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre bahseder. K\u00f6lelikle u\u011fra\u015fan az say\u0131daki ki\u015fiden biri "Afrika'dan Amerika'ya getirilmek \u00fczerine" :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afrika'dan Amerika'ya getirilmek \u00fczerine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beni putperest topraklar\u0131mdan getiren l\u00fctuftu.,
anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ruhuma anlamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretti
bir Tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bir Kurtar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da oldu\u011funu:
Bir kere ne kefaret istedim ne de kefaretten haberim oldu.
Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z karanl\u0131k \u0131rk\u0131m\u0131za k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyerek bak\u0131yor,
"Senin rengin \u015feytan\u0131n simgesidir."
Unutmay\u0131n, H\u0131ristiyanlar, zenciler, Cain kadar,
Rafine edilebilir ve melek trenine kat\u0131labilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayal g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a1Hayal g\u00fcc\u00fc! Senin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kim s\u00f6yleyebilir?
Kariyerinizin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kime tarif edersiniz?
Parlak mesken bulmak i\u00e7in havada y\u00fckselmek,
G\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n imparatorluk saray\u0131,
Kanatlar\u0131nda r\u00fczgar\u0131n intikam\u0131,
Ve yuvarlanan evreni terk ediyoruz.
Y\u0131ld\u0131zdan y\u0131ld\u0131za zihinsel g\u00f6z dola\u015f\u0131r,
G\u00f6kleri \u00f6l\u00e7er ve \u00fcst b\u00f6lgelerden ge\u00e7er;
Bir sahnede muhte\u015fem olan her \u015feye sahibiz,
Ya da yeni d\u00fcnyalarla sonsuz ruh taraf\u0131ndan hayrete d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler.
\u015eiirleri \u00f6l\u00fcme devam eden bir \u00f6vg\u00fcd\u00fcr, ger\u00e7ek bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve daha iyi bir d\u00fcnya umutlar\u0131n\u0131 oraya yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karde\u015fini \u00f6l\u00fclerle g\u00f6r!
Esaretten kurtulmu\u015f, ruh co\u015fkulu u\u00e7ar.
Mezarda g\u00fcl\u00fcmser ve ac\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6fkeyle yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
B\u00f6lgelerde daha a\u00e7\u0131k bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n sabit \u00f6zlem<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun gibi hikayeler, deham\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fumuz yer olan k\u00f6kenimizle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zorluklardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ya da onlara te\u015fekk\u00fcr etti\u011fimizden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran, reenkarnasyonun incelikli ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir bin y\u0131ll\u0131k oldu\u011fumuzu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O bir kad\u0131nd\u0131, siyaht\u0131, k\u00f6leydi ama o bir \u015fairdi...<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Phillis Wheatley – Era mujer, era negra, era esclava, pero era poeta Phillis Wheatley (1753 – 5 de diciembre de 1784), fue la primera escritora afroamericana en publicar un libro en los Estados Unidos. Su obra Poems on Various Subjects (Poemas sobre Varios Asuntos) fue publicada en 1773, dos a\u00f1os antes de que comenzara la […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4150,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4156","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nPhillis Wheatley - Uni\u00f3n Esp\u00edrita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/tr\/phillis-wheatley\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Phillis Wheatley\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Phillis Wheatley – Era mujer, era negra, era esclava, pero era poeta Phillis Wheatley (1753 – 5 de diciembre de 1784), fue la primera escritora afroamericana en publicar un libro en los Estados Unidos. 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