{"id":9159,"date":"2026-06-25T08:26:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T08:26:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/?page_id=9159"},"modified":"2026-06-25T08:26:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T08:26:18","slug":"benjamin-franklin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/benjamin-franklin\/","title":{"rendered":"Benjamin Franklin"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Benjamin Franklin<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Benjamin Franklin a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crit par Mirabeau, le chef r\u00e9volutionnaire fran\u00e7ais, comme le philosophe qui avait le plus contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9tendre les droits de l\u2019homme \u00e0 travers le monde. Il \u00e9tait imprimeur et auteur, philosophe et homme d\u2019\u00c9tat, scientifique et inventeur. Bref, l\u2019un des hommes les plus remarquables que le continent am\u00e9ricain ait produits. D\u2019un caract\u00e8re simple, il poss\u00e9dait une personnalit\u00e9 agr\u00e9able et un d\u00e9licieux sens de l\u2019humour. Jeune homme, il avait une constitution athl\u00e9tique, ce que nous ne pouvons plus v\u00e9rifier, les portraits connus le repr\u00e9sentant d\u00e9j\u00e0 en homme d\u2019\u00c9tat. Son regard \u00e9tait calme et bienveillant ; on remarquait surtout ses grands yeux gris et une large bouche exprimant la bonne humeur dans un visage ample. Benjamin Franklin est n\u00e9 en 1706 \u00e0 Boston, quinzi\u00e8me enfant sur dix-sept d\u2019un pauvre fabricant de chandelles. Il n\u2019alla \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole que pendant un peu plus d\u2019un an, son p\u00e8re le mettant tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t au travail. Presque tout ce qu\u2019il savait, il l\u2019acquit par ses propres efforts : sciences, philosophie et langues. Il parlait latin, fran\u00e7ais, allemand, espagnol et italien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 12 ans, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 apprenti dans l\u2019atelier d\u2019imprimerie de son fr\u00e8re. \u00c0 17 ans, il \u00e9crivait des articles anonymes et les glissait la nuit sous la porte pour que son fr\u00e8re puisse les publier. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, il partit \u00e0 New York et commen\u00e7a \u00e0 travailler dans une imprimerie. Plus tard, il s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 son compte. Il fonda un journal et une revue. \u00c0 42 ans, il avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 acquis une petite fortune. \u00c0 partir de l\u00e0, il consacra encore quarante ann\u00e9es de sa vie au service de son pays. Il fut envoy\u00e9 deux fois en mission diplomatique en Angleterre et une fois en France. Comme homme politique, il fut le premier \u00e0 concevoir les \u00c9tats-Unis comme une nation unique et il \u00e9labora un syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00c9tats unis sous une autorit\u00e9 commune, vingt ans avant la guerre d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine. Comme scientifique et inventeur, il fut le premier \u00e0 identifier les p\u00f4les positif et n\u00e9gatif de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Nous lui devons les notions de batterie, charge \u00e9lectrique, condensateur et conducteur. Il inventa le paratonnerre, un bras m\u00e9canique pour soulever des objets en grande hauteur, ainsi qu\u2019un tabouret de cuisine transformable en \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 78 ans, il inventa les lunettes \u00e0 double foyer. Musicien, il jouait de la harpe, de la guitare et du violon et \u00e9crivait sur les probl\u00e8mes de composition musicale. Il fut le premier \u00e0 \u00e9tudier l\u2019effet de l\u2019eau sur la coque des navires en mouvement et est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le p\u00e8re de l\u2019hydrodynamique. Il d\u00e9couvrit \u00e9galement que les tissus sombres retiennent la chaleur. Les Europ\u00e9ens mirent cent ans \u00e0 suivre son conseil d\u2019emporter des v\u00eatements clairs sous les tropiques. Il organisa l\u2019American Philosophical Society, la premi\u00e8re association scientifique des \u00c9tats-Unis. Il fonda la premi\u00e8re organisation de police professionnelle et le premier service de pompiers volontaires. Il donna \u00e9galement une impulsion au mouvement abolitionniste et, en tant que directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des postes, am\u00e9liora les services postaux nationaux et internationaux, notamment les \u00e9changes avec l\u2019Angleterre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il fut probablement l\u2019\u00e9crivain le plus populaire du monde anglophone, avec son autobiographie, l\u2019\u00ab \u00c9dit du roi de Prusse \u00bb, les \u00ab R\u00e8gles pour lesquelles un grand empire peut \u00eatre r\u00e9duit \u00e0 un petit \u00bb, l\u2019\u00ab Almanach du pauvre Richard \u00bb et un ouvrage sur les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes \u00e9lectriques traduit en plusieurs langues. Il pr\u00eachait la joie du travail et vivait selon ce qu\u2019il pr\u00eachait. Il accordait une attention particuli\u00e8re aux d\u00e9couvertes des autres et insistait pour que la paternit\u00e9 des travaux soit toujours correctement attribu\u00e9e. Dans de nombreux cas, il retirait ses propres travaux lorsqu\u2019un autre chercheur avait fait une d\u00e9couverte similaire. Il pensait que l\u2019on pouvait am\u00e9liorer son caract\u00e8re en s\u2019imposant une discipline stricte. \u00ab C\u2019est un art qu\u2019il faut \u00e9tudier comme la peinture et la musique \u00bb, disait-il. Jeune homme, il \u00e9tablit une liste de vertus et se proposa de les suivre : la mod\u00e9ration dans l\u2019alimentation, \u00e9viter les bavardages, \u00eatre m\u00e9thodique dans les affaires, terminer toute t\u00e2che commenc\u00e9e, \u00eatre sinc\u00e8re, traiter les autres \u00e9quitablement, supporter patiemment les injustices, \u00e9viter les exag\u00e9rations et ne pas se laisser influencer par les choses insignifiantes. Il composa un petit carnet personnel dans lequel il consacrait une page \u00e0 chaque vertu, travaillant chaque semaine sur une vertu pr\u00e9cise. Apr\u00e8s sa mort en 1790, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 84 ans, on retrouva son \u00e9pitaphe \u00e9crite dans sa jeunesse :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Ici repose le corps de Benjamin Franklin, imprimeur, comme la couverture d\u2019un vieux livre dont les pages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9es et dont les lettres et les dorures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es. Mais l\u2019\u0153uvre n\u2019est pas enti\u00e8rement vaine ; car il croit qu\u2019elle repara\u00eetra dans une nouvelle \u00e9dition, plus parfaite, corrig\u00e9e et augment\u00e9e par son auteur. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deux ans auparavant, George Washington \u00e9crivait \u00e0 son sujet :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Si les v\u0153ux unanimes d\u2019un peuple libre, soutenus par les pri\u00e8res sinc\u00e8res de tous les amis de la science et de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, pouvaient d\u00e9livrer un corps de la douleur et de la maladie, il serait bient\u00f4t r\u00e9tabli. S\u2019il suffisait d\u2019\u00eatre v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 pour sa bont\u00e9, admir\u00e9 pour son talent, estim\u00e9 pour son patriotisme et aim\u00e9 pour sa philanthropie pour satisfaire l\u2019esprit humain, alors il a la consolation agr\u00e9able de ne pas avoir v\u00e9cu en vain. Vous serez rappel\u00e9 avec respect, v\u00e9n\u00e9ration et affection \u2014 de la part de votre ami sinc\u00e8re et de votre serviteur le plus ob\u00e9issant et fid\u00e8le. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benjamin Franklin est \u00e9galement mentionn\u00e9, entre autres, dans les \u00ab Prol\u00e9gom\u00e8nes \u00bb du \u00ab Livre des esprits \u00bb, ce qui vise \u00e0 montrer qu\u2019il fait partie de ceux qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019extraordinaire \u0153uvre de codification de la doctrine spirite.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin fue llamado por Mirabeau, el l\u00edder revolucionario franc\u00e9s, como el fil\u00f3sofo que m\u00e1s contribuy\u00f3 a extender los derechos del hombre sobre toda la Tierra. Fue impresor y autor, fil\u00f3sofo y hombre de Estado, cient\u00edfico e inventor. En resumen, uno de los hombres m\u00e1s importantes que produjo el continente americano. De car\u00e1cter […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9159","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBenjamin Franklin - Uni\u00f3n Esp\u00edrita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/benjamin-franklin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Benjamin Franklin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin fue llamado por Mirabeau, el l\u00edder revolucionario franc\u00e9s, como el fil\u00f3sofo que m\u00e1s contribuy\u00f3 a extender los derechos del hombre sobre toda la Tierra. 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Fue impresor y autor, fil\u00f3sofo y hombre de Estado, cient\u00edfico e inventor. En resumen, uno de los hombres m\u00e1s importantes que produjo el continente americano. De car\u00e1cter\u2026","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9159"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9161,"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9159\/revisions\/9161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}