{"id":5414,"date":"2024-10-09T15:20:26","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T15:20:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/?page_id=5414"},"modified":"2024-10-09T15:58:44","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T15:58:44","slug":"historia-del-espiritismo-en-hungria","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/historia-del-espiritismo-en-hungria\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Spiritism in Hungary"},"content":{"rendered":"
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History of Spiritism in Hungary<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Unsurprisingly, spirit conjuring was also popular in Hungary, which had just recovered from the shock of defeat in the War of Independence and mourned the deaths of its compatriots who had fallen in battle and were executed in reprisal. Jen\u0151 Szigeti writes in his study in the Journal of Church History that in 1850 (before the arrival of American mediums in Europe) a German actor named Ludwig Berger gave a spiritist performance in Budapest, and in 1853 the reformed dean of Hajd\u00fahadh\u00e1za observed that table dancing was becoming fashionable among young men and women. The first Hungarian to write spiritism treatises - albeit in German - was Count Ferenc Szap\u00e1ry, who tried to harmonise Delejung's mesmeric theory with the new spiritist teachings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The actor G\u00e1bor Egressy was also a great believer in interrogating the dead, and contacted the ghost of Pet\u0151fi at a spiritism session in 1854. According to the story, the dead man told him that during the battle of Segesv\u00e1r he had fled to a cornfield and was stabbed by a Cossack soldier.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The actor G\u00e1bor Egressy came into contact with the spirit of Pet\u0151fi at an event in 1854.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Egressy also wrote a letter to J\u00e1nos Arany about his experiences. In his reply, the poet expressed his scepticism:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I say I am one of the sceptics. Not with regard to the fact: I believe it is more than a mechanical force, and I do not accuse reasonable and honest people of fraud. Yesterday I was tempted by my own wife because she moved the table last year. The ghost wanted to write, but couldn't, just scribbled some Krix-Krax across the paper. Maybe the damn thing can't write at all. I think the whole process of writing is formed on the table in the working brain, unconsciously, images and ideas are presented to it and completed, as in a dream; so that sometimes one or two traces of what the working individual knows are retained and supplemented by things he doesn't know, things he doesn't think about\".<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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J\u00e1nos Arany<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Arany experimented with spirit conjuration not only with his wife, but also with his daughter Gretel, who died young, and his son Laszlo.

In 1871 the Hungarian Spiritist Society was founded under the leadership of Adolf Gr\u00fcnhut, who had been a military doctor during the War of Independence and was one of the first to promote homeopathic medicine in Hungary. This association was soon renamed the Pest Association of Spiritists. Gr\u00fcnhut's most important mentors were Baron \u00d6d\u00f6n Vay, a specialist in occult sciences, and his wife Adelma, a supernaturalist with prophetic and healing powers. The latter wrote one of the most widely circulated treatises on Hungarian spiritism, entitled Spirit, Force, Matter, and regularly invited her friends Helena Blavatsky and Annie Besant, famous figures in the history of theosophy, to Hungary. Naturally, the Vays also played an important role in the introduction of theosophy, which was closely linked to spiritism in Hungary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Adolf Gr\u00fcnhut.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The emergence of the \"ghost hunter\" movement is also characterised by the founding of a magazine called Celestial Light, which was published until the end of 1944. Gr\u00fcnhut and the Vayes, in line with Kardec's ideas, emphasised the ethical dimension of spiritism, in contrast to those who investigated the physical aspects of communication with spirits and tried to describe them scientifically (the latter were organised around Baron J\u00e1nos Mikos and his journal, the Rejtelmes Vil\u00e1g).

As the spiritist Vilmos Tordai, author of a book on the 'occult elements' of Hungarian history, points out, 'the Jewish doctor [Gr\u00fcnhut] became a worshipper and apostle of Christ, and all the members of the association, who could belong to the Jewish religion, after having learned the doctrine of love, became zealous followers of the leader of Christianity and made the Gospel their daily reading'. However, the Catholic Church disapproved of the spread of spiritism. Adelma Vay was very saddened when she was excommunicated and her works were included in the Index.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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G\u00e9za G\u00e1rdonyi, Dezs\u0151 Kosztol\u00e1nyi and Ferenc Karinthy also participated in table dances.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The rise of spiritist literature was accompanied by the appearance of critical interpretations. B\u00e9la T\u00f3th, famous for his collections of anecdotes, devoted a book to the phenomenon of spirit conjuring with psychological considerations in 1903, and in the 1920s the theologian Alajos Wolkenberg published his work Past and Present of Occultism and Spiritism. T\u00f3th and Wolkenberg describe in detail - and at the same time expose - the tricks of the spiritists. One of the most important methods of manifesting the spirits was, along with table dancing and table tapping, automatic writing. We have already seen how it worked in practice with Arany: the medium switched off his mind, let his hand be guided by the spirit and thus put a text on paper (this method was later adopted by the surrealists to free themselves from the bonds of rationality).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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B\u00e9la T\u00f3th.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Automatic drawing was also practised in a similar way: A railway employee from Miskolc named J\u00e1nos Franyeczky achieved a certain fame in his home country for his \u2018mediumistic drawings\u2019 of moonflowers, birds from alien planets, elephants and similar phenomena. According to a newspaper article, Franyeczky \u2018never drew in his normal state and cannot draw, but only in a psychic way, without a trance, intuitively\u2019. The \u2018walking forint\u2019 was also a common method. This is how B\u00e9la T\u00f3th describes it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"We draw a circle on a large sheet of paper, write all the letters of the alphabet evenly spaced around the outline and then place a silver forint (or a crown or whatever) in the centre. [...] if everyone is credulous (he may be the strongest sceptic), he concentrates his thoughts in expectation of an interesting phenomenon and, holding his hand horizontally in the air, gently touches the silver disc: sooner or later the forint will begin to move for no reason; and everyone will feel with all his nerves that it moves of its own accord. [...] Sometimes faster, sometimes slower, it moves towards the edge of the circle, towards one of the letters.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1903, S\u00e1ndor Br\u00f3dy's newspaper J\u00f6vend\u0151ben published a long article about the old Green Hat, reporting on the enduring popularity of spiritism: \"There are many adherents among the upper classes, scientists, artists and Latinists, and there is even a large camp of believers among the lower classes. \"Spiritism became a religious substitute for the counts, barons and the increasingly impoverished nobility of post-conquest Hungary,\" writes Jen\u0151 Szigeti, who also describes in her study other important figures of Hungarian spiritism alongside Gr\u00fcnhut-Vay's circle. For example, Titus T\u00f3v\u00f6lgyi, whose life story once again reveals the connection between leftist ideas and occult teachings - although it would be more accurate to say that T\u00f3v\u00f6lgyi, who wrote a novel about the Paris Commune, a utopian novel about the future communist society entitled The New World and was imprisoned for this work, reformulated his worldview within the framework of spiritism ideas. Among the spiritists was also Aladar Mad\u00e1ch, son of the great playwright, who came into contact with spiritist circles during a trip to England, wrote several books on the subject and collaborated with the aforementioned Baron J\u00e1nos Mikos and his newspaper to promote a kind of scientific spiritism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Aladar Mad\u00e1ch.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

J\u00e1nos Hock, a Catholic priest - his name is perhaps best known from the chronicle of the Grey Rose Revolution - and president of the Hungarian National Council, was also receptive to spiritism and, after his death, dictated a book on the afterlife to a certain Sister Erzsi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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J\u00e1nos Hock.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

It is also known that many members of the Hungarian literary world - such as M\u00f3r J\u00f3kai, G\u00e9za G\u00e1rdonyi, Dezs\u0151 Kosztol\u00e1nyi, Ferenc Karinthy - participated in table dancing sessions, and Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs and B\u00e9la Bal\u00e1zs read with great interest one of Helena Blavatsky's spiritist treatises - a book dealing with spiritism - during the First World War.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Historia del Espiritismo en Hungr\u00eda Como era de esperar, la conjuraci\u00f3n de esp\u00edritus tambi\u00e9n era muy popular en Hungr\u00eda, que acababa de recuperarse de la conmoci\u00f3n de la derrota en la Guerra de la Independencia y lloraba la muerte de sus compatriotas ca\u00eddos en combate y ejecutados en represalia. Jen\u0151 Szigeti escribe en su estudio […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5414","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHistoria del Espiritismo en Hungr\u00eda - Uni\u00f3n Esp\u00edrita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/historia-del-espiritismo-en-hungria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historia del Espiritismo en Hungr\u00eda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Historia del Espiritismo en Hungr\u00eda Como era de esperar, la conjuraci\u00f3n de esp\u00edritus tambi\u00e9n era muy popular en Hungr\u00eda, que acababa de recuperarse de la conmoci\u00f3n de la derrota en la Guerra de la Independencia y lloraba la muerte de sus compatriotas ca\u00eddos en combate y ejecutados en represalia. 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Jen\u0151 Szigeti escribe en su estudio…","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5414"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5437,"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5414\/revisions\/5437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuevo-renacer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}